AD-GRID 23: 6-Three-Phase Bus Transmission and Distribution System

This model simulates a 230-kV, 60 Hz transmission system consisting of

• 6 3-phase busses.
• 3- Lines with a fault point (6 half-lines in total).
• 2 100-MVA hydraulic generation plant (detailed synchronous machine models with turbines and all regulators).
• 4 transformers.
• 1 ideal source.
• 9 three-phase breakers (including 3 breakers to simulate the faults).

APPLICATIONS

Such models can be used to evaluate electromagnetic transient overvoltage caused by line switching, fault initiation and clearing. It can also be used to test the performance of real protection relays interfaced with the simulators through digital to analog converters and power amplifiers or with the new IEC61850 Ethernet communication protocol used with models relays. During the simulation, any kind of fault, including single-line-to-ground, three-phase, and two-phase-to-ground faults, can be introduced in different locations.

 A simulation time step of 50 microseconds is typically used to perform such transient studies but using a smaller time step, if possible, always yields more accurate results. As it will be shown later, this small network can be simulated in real-time with a time step of 20 microseconds using only one 3.3-GHz i7 high-end INTEL processor core. Of course, users can decide to simulate a more complex system using a larger time step or more processor cores.

DEMONSTRATION

In Figure 2, phase A current and voltage at bus 1 are displayed in case of A-GND fault at location 1 (open
model for more details).

REAL TIME SIMULATION PERFORMANCE

This real time simulation ran on a dual-Xeon-based, 3.33 GHz and RT-LAB simulator with a time step of 20μs. The overall system was run using only one CPU core out of 12 processor cores available. The processors allocation and Real-Time Performance are summarized in Table 1.

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