60 Hz, 138/230kV HVAC Power System

This 60 Hz, 138/230kV HVAC power system model is an 86-bus electrical network. Its 86 transmission lines supply power to a total of 23 loads, rated at 413 MVA (403 MW, 91MVAR) each. Nine ideal voltage sources with lumped equivalent impedance are representing the generators. Full machine dynamics can easily be added. Distributed parameters line models are used for the representation of long lines. As in the following equation, this type of line’s transport delay t (in seconds) is defined by:

where d is the line length in km, L is the line inductance in H/km and C is the line capacitance in F/km. Since its transport delay is proportional to its line length, the distributed parameters line can only be accurately simulated with very small sampling times for very small lengths. PI section models have to be used for the representation of smaller lines for real-time simulation using practical fixed-time step within 10 to 50 microseconds to achieve hard real-time performance. In the studied network, some lines were sectionalized into multiple short parts for the study of faults at various locations. Sixty (60) three-phase PI section lines with self and mutual impedance representation and 26 distributed parameter lines were used. All line sections with a length of 20 km and shorter were simulated using PI sections to achieve a time step of 50 µs. The shortest line length is 0.85 km.

The model was separated for the parallelization of the computation tasks on 7 processor cores of an 8-core processor eMEGAsim target computer. Most of the system separation was done using optimized distributed parameter lines from the eMEGAsim’s ARTEMiS toolbox. As they are long lines, their intrinsic delay permits reliable distribution without affecting the dynamic property of the system.

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