Christian Dufour

A Smart Distribution Grid Laboratory

Publication date : Nov 2011
Paper File : IECON2011_Smart_Distribution_Grid_Laboratory.pdf



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Author(s)

Wei Li, Toshifumi Ise, Takeiki Aizono, Jean Bélanger, Isao Iyoda, Christian Dufour, Amine Yamane,

Abstract

This paper details a Smart Grid Laboratory for the study of modern house distribution systems with multiple energy sources and energy regeneration capability. The laboratory is designed to perform real-time simulation of a realistic distribution system connected to multiple houses. In addition, a real house with typical appliances and power sources is connected to the eMEGAsim real-time simulator with a Power- Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) interface. Such PHIL interface enables the simulation of a simulated plant and real devices at a connection point where actual energy is exchanged between the two parts. Because of the coupling delays and the bandwidth of the plant and real devices, the stability of such a PHIL connection is not guaranteed. This paper will have a special emphasis on the stability of such power-HIL simulation.

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Real-Time Simulation and Control of ReluctanceMotor Drives for High Speed Operation with Reduced Torque Ripple

Publication date : Nov 2011
Paper File : IECON2011_real_time_Relultance_Motor_Drives.pdf



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Author(s)

Minh C. Ta, Christian Dufour,

Abstract

This paper presents real-time simulation results of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with a novel Torque Distribution Function (TDF) for high-speed applications, in order to reduce torque ripple. The SRM is fed by a three-phase unidirectional power converter having three legs, each of which consist of two IGBTs and two freewheeling diodes. The SRM model incorporates all non linearities between excitation currents, rotor position and flux linkages. For the purpose of control SRM drives, an improvement of the TDF method is proposed for high-speed applications, in order to reduce torque ripple. The real-time simulation of the drive is conducted on the RT-LAB real-time simulation platform. Since the converter is current controlled, the simulator latency is critical to achieving good accuracy and to avoiding current overshoot. The paper demonstrates that this type of drive with simple hysteresis current control can be simulated in real-time at a time-step of 15µs, with good accuracy. The paper also introduces FPGA-based simulation technology required to test advanced algorithms like TDF.

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A Novel and Flexible Test Stand for Medium Voltage Drives Using a Hardware-in-loop (HIL) Simulator

Publication date : Nov 2011
Paper File : Not available yet

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Author(s)

Weihua Wang, Jean Bélanger, Christian Dufour, Ata Douzdouzani,

Abstract

With increasing complexity of topology and control strategies in medium voltage (MV) drives, a digital hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulator exhibits great advantage over a traditional analog test stand in terms of cost and flexibility. However, a great effort for developing a proper solver, an optimized design of the hardware, firmware and fine-tuning of the model is required to maintain sufficient accuracy of the HIL test stand. This paper presents the novel solver and the system architecture used by the HIL-simulation-based test stand for medium voltage drives. Test results of the ACS 6000 drives are shown under various conditions, and compared with the measurement acquired from the field testing.

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OP5142 - Spartan3 FPGA Reconfigurable I/O Node

Floating-Point Engines for the FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits

Publication date : Jun 2011
Paper File : Floating-Point Engines for the FPGA-Based.pdf



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Author(s)

Tarek Ould Bachir, Jean-Pierre David, Jean Mahseredjian, Christian Dufour,

Abstract

The real-time simulation of power electronic circuits is challenging for several reasons. A PC-based simulation can hardly achieve time-steps below 5-10 μs: this yields a limit on the maximal power electronic switching frequencies that can be accurately simulated using standard methods. This paper presents a design methodology for the hardware implementation of high-performance FPGA-based floating-point calculation engines aimed for the real-time simulation of power electronic systems. The power electronic circuits are modeled using the associated discrete circuit technique. A calculation time step of 100 ns is achieved for a boost converter, and the simulation results are validated against the SimPowerSystems library. The paper also discusses emerging paradigms for the FPGA-based floatingpoint computation that favor optimal performance and offer near double precision arithmetic at a minimal hardware cost.

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A Finite Element Analysis High-Speed PMSM Motor Drive Emulator on FPGA with Full Fault Testing Capabilityd Solver within SimPowerSystems

Publication date : Apr 2011
Paper File : EPE11_DualFPGADrive.pdf



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Author(s)

Tarek Ould Bachir, Christian Dufour,

Abstract

Presented in this paper is an advanced Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA) based PMSM motor drive emulator implemented on FPGA. FEA simulation of PMSM improves the accuracy with regards to classix Park DQ model by enabling the inclusion of saturation and non-sinusoidal back-EMF into the simulation. Implementation on an FPGA minimizes the model latency during closed-loop testing with an ECU. The drive model is an improved version of previous simulator implementation in many aspects: first, a nodal solver is used for the simulation of the inverter, thus enabling all type of fault inclusion like IGBT open/short circuit, motor terminal short circuit or even diode malfunction in the IGBT/Diode pairs. Secondly, the DC-link model is extended to include its inductance. Finally, the FEA-computed torque is now computed inside the FPGA

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A Combined State-Space Nodal Method for the Simulation of Power System Transients

Publication date : Apr 2011
Paper File : A Combined State-Space Nodal Method for the Simulation of Power System Transients.pdf



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Author(s)

Jean Mahseredjian, Jean Bélanger, Christian Dufour,

Abstract

This paper presents a new solution method that combines state-space and nodal analysis for the simulation of electrical systems. The presented flexible clustering of state-space described electrical subsystems into a nodal method offers several advantages for the efficient solution of switched networks, nonlinear functions and for interfacing with nodal model equations. This paper extends the concept of discrete companion branch equivalent of the nodal approach to state-space described systems and enables natural coupling between them. The presented solution method is simultaneous and allows to benefit from the advantages of two different modeling approaches normally exclusive from one another.

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Solvers for Real-Time Simulation of Bipolar Thyristor-Based HVDC and 180-cell HVDC Modular Multilevel Converter for System Interconnection and Distributed Energy Integration

Publication date : Feb 2011
Paper File : CiGRE_Recife2011_paperfinal.pdf



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Author(s)

Luc-André Gregoire, Jean Bélanger, Christian Dufour,

Abstract

Thyristors-based converters are still today the most common type of HVDC links. Modular Multilevel Converter based HVDC links are often considered for lower power rating projects like off-shore wind farms. Both approaches present challenges in both the design and the testing of proposed circuit topologies and control & protection system design. Conventional real-time simulators used by most power electronic system manufacturers for testing thyristor-based AC-DC converter systems in HIL mode encounter difficulties or simply cannot simulate MMC-based circuits composed very large number of fast power electronic devices. This paper will demonstrate new solvers methods adapted for both thyristors and MMC-based HVDC links. In the case of thyristors-based HVDC, a new solver called State-Space Nodal implements an efficient real-time method to deal with the numerous switched filter banks and valves groups found in these apparatus. The real-time and parallel simulation of Modular Multilevel Converters with hundreds of switches, which is very difficult or impossible with conventional solvers, is made with a pragmatic fixed-causality solver. System transients and dynamic performance under several operating conditions evaluated in HIL mode with a prototype controller-in-the-loop composed of several hundred of I/O connections will also be presented, using the RT-LAB real-time digital simulator.

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Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of Hybrid Vehicle Motor Drives at Ford Motor Company

Publication date : Oct 2010
Paper File : VPPC_2010-95-27745-final.pdf



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Author(s)

Linxiang Sun, Ji Wu, Christian Dufour,

Abstract

This paper describes the usage of Hardware-In-the-Loop technologies at Ford Motor Company for the development of hybrid vehicle cars. At the heart of these HIL tests are models of electric motor drives. Several challenges exist in executing these models in real-time, especially in faulty or uncontrolled modes. This paper describes the key features of these drive models, as well as examples of HIL tests conducted with these models by Ford Motor Company.

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Real-Time Simulation and Control of Reluctance Motor Drives for High Speed Operation with Reduced Torque Ripple

Publication date : Oct 2010
Paper File : EPE-PEMC-2010-Opal-RT-FINAL.pdf



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Author(s)

Minh C. Ta, Christian Dufour,

Abstract

This paper presents real-time simulation results of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with a novel Torque Distribution Function (TDF) for high-speed applications, in order to reduce torque ripple. The SRM is fed by a three-phase unidirectional power converter having three legs, each of which consist of two IGBTs and two freewheeling diodes. The SRM model incorporates all nonlinearities between excitation currents, rotor position and flux linkages. For the purpose of control SRM drives, an improvement of the TDF method is proposed for high-speed applications, in order to reduce torque ripple. The real-time simulation of the drive is conducted on the RT-LAB realtime simulation platform. Since the converter is currentcontrolled, simulator latency is critical to achieving good accuracy and avoiding current overshoot. The paper demonstrates that this type of drive with simple hysteretic current control can be simulated in real-time at a time-step of 15μs, with good accuracy. The paper also introduces FPGA-based simulation technology required to test advanced algorithms like TDF.

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Real-Time Simulation Technologies in Education: a Link to Modern Engineering Methods and Practices

Publication date : Mar 2010
Paper File : 2010_Intertech_Dufour_RTLABApplications.pdf



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Author(s)

Jean Bélanger, Christian Dufour, Cacilda Andrade,

Abstract

This paper discusses industrial applications of real time simulation technologies and opportunities that exist to include them in modern engineering education curricula. Real-time simulators are used extensively in many engineering fields. As a consequence, the inclusion of simulation applications in academic curricula can provide great value to the student. Statistical power grid protection tests, aircraft design and simulation, motor drive controller design methods and space robot integration are a few examples of real-time simulator technology applications to be discussed in this paper.

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